The term scuba is an abbreviation of “Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus.” Recreational divers use a steel or aluminum diving cylinder of compressed air, a buoyancy compensator device, dive computer, mask, snorkel, fins, weights, and, depending on the water temperature, an exposure suit. Local dive shops offer classes to learn about the equipment and to practice beginner skills. Divers can also buy and rent the equipment they need from these retailers.

To be a safe and competent scuba diver, you need to follow a set of dive protocols. This includes a buddy system, dive plans, and adherence to scuba safety standards established by the dive community. It’s important to remember that the underwater environment is fragile and delicate, so you should respect the creatures and habitat you encounter.

Some people experience decompression sickness (“the bends”). This happens if you ascend from deep water to the surface too quickly. This releases nitrogen gas bubbles that can damage body tissues and block blood vessels. In severe cases, the condition can affect your lungs, brain, and spinal cord.

During the first few dives, it’s a good idea to stick close to your instructor. He or she can teach you to read the underwater environment and respond to any problems. In addition, you’ll learn how to manage your air supply, dive time, and depth, and how to respond in a dive emergency. Research shows that regular scuba divers may have increased resilience to environmental stressors.