Scuba (pronounced saw-boo) is a recreational activity involving breathing underwater using a self-contained breathing apparatus. It requires specialized equipment such as a compressed air tank, snorkel, mask, fins, diving computer, buoyancy compensator device and in many cases an exposure suit. Most scuba divers own their equipment or rent it at a local dive shop. Scuba is a popular hobby and exotic vacation activity. It also provides a workout and can be meditative as it encourages calm breathing techniques. Diving in exotic locales offers a glimpse of marine life, spectacular coral reefs or even sunken shipwrecks.

Having a buddy dramatically reduces numerous risks including diver panic, unconsciousness from unrelated health issues or drowning. The buddy system is taught during the scuba certification course. Having someone constantly checking your gauges keeps you conscious of your depth and also makes it easy to surface quickly if your tank runs low.

Proper ascents are another crucial aspect of scuba safety. A rapid ascent without a safety stop allows nitrogen bubbles to form that can cause decompression sickness if they get trapped in the tissues or in the bloodstream.

Despite the risks involved, scuba is very safe when performed properly. Getting the proper training from a recognized scuba certification agency like PADI is key. It also includes attending theory classes and learning to deal with emergency situations such as running out of air while under water. It’s also important to check your diving equipment thoroughly before entering the water as 15% of scuba diving fatalities are caused by malfunctioning or improperly maintained diving gear.